sanguowu 发表于 2009-4-16 14:52:32

《黄帝问玄女兵法》

本帖最后由 慕羲 于 2012-3-5 20:22 编辑

<!--><xml><w:WordDocument><w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel><w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery><w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery>2</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery><w:DocumentKind>DocumentNotSpecified</w:DocumentKind><w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing>7.8</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing><w:View>Normal</w:View><w:Compatibility></w:Compatibility><w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom></w:WordDocument></xml><!--><div class="Section0"><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">卷三  龙韬&nbsp;立 将 第 二 十 一</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">上一页&nbsp;目录页&nbsp;下一页&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  【提示】&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  本篇讲述古代君主任命将帅的仪式和方法,阐明了这样两个观点:一是&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">将帅领兵作战,责任重大,<font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">社稷安危,一在将军</font><font face="Times New Roman">”</font><font face="宋体">。因此将帅应做到</font><font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">见&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">其虚则进,见其实则止<font face="Times New Roman">”</font><font face="宋体">,不轻敌,不冒险,不贱人,不违众,与士卒同甘&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">共苦。二是君主应信任将帅,给以机动指挥的权力。<font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">国不可以从外治,军&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">不可以从中御<font face="Times New Roman">”</font><font face="宋体">,</font><font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">军中之事,不闻君命,皆由将出</font><font face="Times New Roman">”</font><font face="宋体">。只有做到这两点,&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">才能<font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">无敌于前,无君于后</font><font face="Times New Roman">”</font><font face="宋体">,</font><font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">战胜于外,功立于内</font><font face="Times New Roman">”</font><font face="宋体">。&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  【译文】&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  武王问太公说:<font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">任命将帅的仪式是怎样的?</font><font face="Times New Roman">”&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  太公回答道:<font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">凡国家遭遇危难,国君就避开正殿,在偏殿上召见主将,&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">向他下达诏令说:<font face="Times New Roman">‘</font><font face="宋体">国家的安危,全系于将军身上。现在某国反叛,请将军&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">统率大军前去征讨。<font face="Times New Roman">’”&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  <font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">主将接受命令后,国君就令太史占卜,斋戒三天,前往太庙,钻炙龟&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">甲,选择吉日,向将帅颁授斧钺。到了吉日,国君进入太庙门,面向西站立;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">主将随之进入太庙门,面向北站立。国君亲自拿着钺的上部,把钺柄交给主&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">将,宣告:<font face="Times New Roman">‘</font><font face="宋体">从此,军中上至于天的一切事务全由将军处置。</font><font face="Times New Roman">’</font><font face="宋体">然后又亲自&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">拿着斧柄,将斧刃授予主将,宣告:<font face="Times New Roman">‘</font><font face="宋体">自此,军中下至于渊的一切事务全由&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">将军裁决。<font face="Times New Roman">’</font><font face="宋体">并接着申明:</font><font face="Times New Roman">‘</font><font face="宋体">见到敌人虚弱就前进,见到敌人强大就停止,&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">不要认为我军众多就轻敌,不要因为任务重大就拚死,不要因为身份尊贵就&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">轻视部下,不要认为自己意见独到而违背众意,不要由于能言善辩而自以为&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">是。士卒没坐下,你不要先坐;士卒还没进餐,你不要先吃。冷热都要与士&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">卒相同。这样,士卒就会尽死力作战。<font face="Times New Roman">’&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  <font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">主将接受任命后,拜而回答说:</font><font face="Times New Roman">‘</font><font face="宋体">我听说国事不可受外部的干预,作&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">战不能由君主在朝廷遥控指挥。臣怀二心就不能忠心侍奉君主,将帅受君主&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">牵制而疑虑重重就不能专心一志去对付敌人。我既已奉命执掌军事大权,不&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">获胜利不敢生还。请您允许我按照上面的话全权处置一切,若不允许,我不&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">敢担此重任。<font face="Times New Roman">’&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  <font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">国君答允之后,主将就辞别君主率军出征。从此军中一切事务,不听&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">命于国君而全部听命于主将。临敌作战,专心一意。这样,主将就能上不受&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">天时限制,下不受地形牵制,前无敌人敢于抵挡,后无君主从中掣肘。这样,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">就能使智谋之士都愿出谋画策,勇武之人都愿殊死战斗,士气昂扬直冲霄汉,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">行动迅速如快马奔驰,兵未交锋而敌人就已降服。从而取胜于国外,建功于&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">朝廷,将吏得到晋升,士卒获得奖赏,百姓欢欣鼓舞,主将没有祸殃。于是&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">风调雨顺,五谷丰登,国家安宁。<font face="Times New Roman">”&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  武王说:<font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">说得好啊!</font><font face="Times New Roman">”&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  【原文】&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  武王问太公曰:<font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">立将之道奈何?</font><font face="Times New Roman">”&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  太公曰:<font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">凡国有难,君避正殿,召将而诏之曰:</font><font face="Times New Roman">‘</font><font face="宋体">社稷安危,一在将&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">军,今某国不臣,愿将军帅师应之。&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  <font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">将既受命,乃命太史卜,斋三日,之太庙,钻灵龟</font><font face="Times New Roman">①</font><font face="宋体">,卜吉日,以授&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">斧钺<font face="Times New Roman">②</font><font face="宋体">。君人庙门,西面而立;将人庙门,北面而立。君亲操钺持首,授将&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">其柄,曰:<font face="Times New Roman">‘</font><font face="宋体">从此上至天者,将军制之</font><font face="Times New Roman">’</font><font face="宋体">。复操斧持柄,授将其刃,曰:</font><font face="Times New Roman">‘</font><font face="宋体">从&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">此下至渊者,将军制之。<font face="Times New Roman">’‘</font><font face="宋体">见其虚则进,见其实则止,勿以三军为众而轻&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">敌,勿以受命为重而必死,勿以身贵而贱人,勿以独见而违众,勿以辩说为&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">必然。士未坐勿坐,士未食勿食,寒暑必同。如此则士众必尽死力。<font face="Times New Roman">’&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  <font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">将己受命,拜而报君曰:</font><font face="Times New Roman">‘</font><font face="宋体">臣闻国不可从外治,军不可从中御。二心&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">③&nbsp;<font face="宋体">不可以事君,疑志</font><font face="Times New Roman">④</font><font face="宋体">不可以应敌。臣既受命专斧钺之威,臣不敢生还。愿君&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">亦垂一言之命于臣。君不许臣,臣不敢将。<font face="Times New Roman">’&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  <font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">君许之,乃辞而行。军中之事,不闻君命,皆由将出。临敌决战,无&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">有二心。若此则无天于上,无地于下,无敌于前,无君于后。是故智者为之&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">谋,勇者为之斗,气厉青云,疾若驰骛<font face="Times New Roman">⑤</font><font face="宋体">,兵不接刃,而敌降服。战胜于外,&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">功立于内,吏迁士赏,百姓欢悦,将无咎殃。是故风雨时节,五谷丰熟,社&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">稷安宁。<font face="Times New Roman">”&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  武王曰:<font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">善哉!</font><font face="Times New Roman">”&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  【注释】&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  <font face="Times New Roman">①</font><font face="宋体">钻灵龟:即占卜。在商周时每遇重大事情,总要求神问卜。其方法是&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">   用烧红的小铜棍炙烙龟甲或兽骨,观察骨甲的裂痕以决定吉凶。&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  <font face="Times New Roman">②</font><font face="宋体">斧钺(</font><font face="Times New Roman">yuè</font><font face="宋体">)斧,斧头。钺,较宽大的斧。斧钺都是古代军中行刑的兵&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">   器,军权的象征。&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  <font face="Times New Roman">③</font><font face="宋体">二心:怀有异心,不忠心耿耿。&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  <font face="Times New Roman">④</font><font face="宋体">疑志:志存疑虑,犹豫不决。&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  <font face="Times New Roman">⑤</font><font face="宋体">驰骛(</font><font face="Times New Roman">wù</font><font face="宋体">):奔驰的骏马。驰,车马疾驰。骛,交驰、迅急。&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  【例证】&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  <font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">军不可从中御</font><font face="Times New Roman">”</font><font face="宋体">,</font><font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">军中之事,不闻君命,皆由将出</font><font face="Times New Roman">”</font><font face="宋体">,给予将帅以&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">充分的信任和机动指挥的权力,是作战指挥上的一条极其重要的原则。否则,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">如果国君从中干预掣肘,对待帅采取不信任的态度,必然会干扰前线将帅的&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">决心和计划,从而导致战争的失败。古今中外这方面的经验教训很多,魏文&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">侯任贤拒谗、临阵不易将就是一个典型例证。&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  东周威烈王十八年(前&nbsp;<font face="Times New Roman">408&nbsp;</font><font face="宋体">年),魏文侯任命乐羊为大将,率军讨伐中&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">山国,乐羊率领军队攻入中山国后,遇到了顽强的抵抗,进展十分缓慢,用&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">了一年时间,仍没有取得胜利。因此国内流言四起,蜚语纷纷。有人说:<font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">乐&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">羊无能,应尽早撤换,以免劳民伤财,徒损国威。<font face="Times New Roman">”</font><font face="宋体">有人说:</font><font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">乐羊本是将&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">才,久战不决,必定是别有用心,用意拖延。<font face="Times New Roman">”</font><font face="宋体">更有人说:</font><font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">乐羊是利用时&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">间争取民心,以便在灭亡中山后自立为王。<font face="Times New Roman">”</font><font face="宋体">还有不少人上书说:</font><font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">常言虎&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">毒不食子,而乐羊竟能忍心吞食自己的亲生骨肉,这种人如不趁早撤换,必&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">将养虎为患。<font face="Times New Roman">”</font><font face="宋体">魏文侯听到这些流言蜚语,看了这类奏章,心中暗想,乐羊&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在开始进攻中心国时,他的儿子被中山国王烹杀,并将羹汤送给乐羊,乐羊&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">毫不迟疑地尽饮一杯。这一举动,只是为了表明对我的忠诚和必胜的决心,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这样的人决不会背叛我。我如轻信流言,临阵易将,不仅会使大将蒙冤,更&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">重要的是贻误军机。于是,便将那些奏章放入一个匣子中,照旧给乐羊补充&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">兵员,输送给养,支持乐羊继续进攻。随着时间的推移,检举乐羊的奏章也&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">越来越多,魏文侯认定全是捕风捉影的不实之辞,照例放入匣中。时经三年,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">检举信件竟装满了整整一个匣子。&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  乐羊苦战三年,终于取得胜利,灭亡了中山国。他带领军队回朝后,魏&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">文侯张灯结彩,大摆宴席,庆贺胜利。在宴会上,乐羊自觉劳苦功高,满脸&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">喜色,频频举杯,并等待文侯封赏。但文侯绝口不提封赏之事,直到宴会结&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">束时,才令人送给乐羊一个匣子。乐羊认定封赏定在匣中,兴高采烈地回到&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">家中,打开匣子一看,既无加官晋爵的诏旨,也没有金银珠宝之类的贵重物&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">品,只有满满一匣书信。乐羊看完全部书信,心情激动不已,自言自语地说:&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">“<font face="宋体">没有文候的信任和支持,我乐羊早就身陷囹圄,哪能得到今夫的战功呢?</font><font face="Times New Roman">”&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">随即穿上朝服来到王宫,一见文侯纳头便拜:<font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">微臣浅薄无知,只想到自己&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">出生入死的功劳,却不知大王信任和支持的重大作用。如今才知灭亡中山全&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">靠大王的英明决策,乐羊不过略尽犬马之劳而已!<font face="Times New Roman">”</font><font face="宋体">魏文侯见乐羊收敛了恃&nbsp;</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">功倨傲的情绪,才重重地奖赏了他。魏文侯任贤拒谗、信任将帅的事迹,常&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">为后人所称道。&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">创建时间:<font face="Times New Roman">2006-2-27&nbsp;</font><font face="宋体">上一页&nbsp;目录页&nbsp;下一页</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Power&nbsp;by&nbsp;Softscape&nbsp;HTML&nbsp;Builder&nbsp;3&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p></div>

szodo 发表于 2009-4-18 09:36:33

谢谢,看看是不是斌法
页: [1]
查看完整版本: 《黄帝问玄女兵法》